Essays --

Prohibition was the 18th Amendment to make alcohol illegal. The 21st Amendment was the filch of bar so that alcohol could be legal. Carry Nation plays a big role in restriction she was the leader of the Temperance Movement. She was married twice her first married man died of alcoholism and her second husband divorced her. She has a hatred for saloons and bars. She also smashes bars and saloons. (Severn 76)Prohibition was c in alled The Noble Experiment. It was first tried in America. Bootleggers and moonshiners was the main extension people went to for alcohol. Bill MC coy was a opprobriousger people went to him for alcohol hes well known for selling right liquor. (Hanson 29)The repeal of prohibition is the 21st Amendment, to make alcohol legal in the states. Some people did not was the repeal to happen they thought prohibition was a good thing it could make the world a better place. The repeal of prohibition was agreed. A lot of people wanted to make alcohol legal in the state s. Some people did not like the repeal because alcohol could kill a lot of people. The Temperance Movement group planned to extend prohibition all over the world. (Rodney Web)Prohibition lasted from 1920-1933, the and the repeal come in1933. Alco pone was the biggest gangster of all times. He was the cause of virtually of all crimes. On the eve of prohibition some towns sold their jails, because all crime would break loose. The Bathtub Gin got its name from alcohol, glycerin and juniper juice was mixed in a feeding bottle it was too tall to fit in a sink so they had to put it in the bathtub. (Burns Web)When prohibition was reopened in Chicago almost 800 gangsters had been killed in bootleg related shootings. People were killed, blinded, and even paralyzed from dri... ...People made a lot of money selling illegal alcohol. They even sold worldwide. Carry Nation did not care for people that sold or drunk liquor. Thats why she left her first husband when their daughter was born. Carry Nation died before she got to go steady that the repeal of prohibition was denied 20 year later. She had an impact on a lot of the women back then especially the women in The Temperance Group the all liked her. When she went and smashed all the bars and saloons a lot of people was not pleased that she did that, because the drunken people needed some place to go at night. Even, though they should not be drunk. Her second husband left because she got out of control. She was named the famous bar smasher. She was described as a religious and a crank. People said that she was a crank because she went crazy and smashed all of those bars and saloons. (Rodney Web).

Evaluating Sources on Bulimia Nervosa :: essays research papers

Evaluating Articles on Long Term Bulimia Nervosa EffectsWith the growing percentage of teen girls being interact and even more being diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa, I decided to evaluate the multiple articles on effects and treatments for the disease. When searching bulimia pages and pages of links come up. To my storm among the pages of links, I came across numerous pro-bulimia and pro-anorexia sites. However, the four websites I decided to evaluate were the first four search results that the titles really caught my attention with what I was really looking at for. I establish my evaluation on many different things from the credibility of the people constitution the article or the magazine in which the article was published, how open the information was to access and how helpful the information was in the way it was given.The first article I evaluated was Go Ask Alice clip from a Columbia based newspaper. A young college girl wrote into the paper after being bulimic for over tw o years. She says she is currently being treated for 14 different cavities, iodin tooth, so decayed, it was barely even saved. Her salivary glands were swollen to where she looked like a chipmunk and she had been experiencing constipation. The reply back to the anonymous writer was a major warning and a very helpful source to people looking for the long term effects of bulimia nervosa. She emphasizes that most problems come from the vomiting which can eventually perplex you lose all your teeth. She warns how bulimia can mess with a persons blood potassium levels and drop it far enough that it disturbs the rhythm of the heart and cause fast death. It can also bring chronic illnesses that may affect the heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and neurological trouble. It backs all its information with quotes and information from Doctors from universities. The article was very reachable and said right in its title, what it was talking about. An article like this, I believe, is very he lpful for people researching this topic, especially if they are doing it for personal reasons, because it has someone writing that is bulimic talking about her symptoms and the trouble she is having.

The Tragedy of William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Tragedy William S

The Tragedy of William Shakespeares HamletIt seems that in this merciless mourning, I have openeda tomb. And though my sight be of seeing, it is not as itonce was. For what I see is not with thine own eyes. It isas death appears to those awake. A coldness, an emptiness,that I cannot forsake. Hope Saphos DeVenutoA melody in literature is a language that Shakespeare uses freely in Hamlet with infinite variety. The imagery relates to us to create to the senses a realization of what is occurring as well as to kindle our responses. There are many interesting characters with invaluable opinions, a labyrinth of lines convoluting and mystifying, along with dramatic sarcasm. It is very effective in drawing the attention to certain characters that the audience will need to see more than others. If we really lend an ear to Hamlets every word, we are drawn into an indwelling greatness of his spirit. Shakespeare created Hamlet as a highly intellectual being that can see through everything and ev eryone.To see clearly through a fossa is to see the profundity of truth.Then ...

The History of Math Essay -- Mathematics Education Logic Numbers Essay

The History of Math math, study of relationships among quantities, magnitudes, and properties and of logical operations by which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties may be deduced. In the past, maths was regarded as the erudition of quantity, whether of magnitudes, as in geometry, or of numbers, as in arithmetic, or of the generalization of these two fields, as in algebra. Toward the middle of the 19th century, however, mathematics came to be regarded progressively as the science of relations, or as the science that draws necessary conclusions. This latter view encompasses mathematical or symbolic logic, the science of using symbols to provide an choose theory of logical deduction and inference based on definitions, axioms, postulates, and rules for combining and transforming primitive elements into more complex relations and theorems. This brief survey of the history of mathematics traces the evolution of mathematical ideas and concepts, beginning in prehistory. In deed, mathematics is nearly as old as humanity itself evidence of a sense of geometry and interest in geometric pattern has been found in the designs of prehistoric pottery and textiles and in cave paintings. Primitive counting systems were almost certainly based on using the fingers of one or both hands, as evidenced by the predominance of the numbers 5 and 10 as the bases for most number systems today. Ancient Mathematics The earliest records of advanced, organized mathematics date back to the ancient Mesopotamian country of Babylonia and to Egypt of the 3rd millennium BC. There mathematics was dominated by arithmetic, with an emphasis on measurement and calculation in geometry and with no trace of later mathematical concepts such as axioms or proofs. The earliest Egyptian texts, composed about 1800 BC, break in a decimal numeration system with separate symbols for the successive powers of 10 (1, 10, 100, and so forth), just as in the system used by the Romans. verse were repres ented by writing down the symbol for 1, 10, 100, and so on as many times as the unit was in a attached number. For example, the symbol for 1 was written five times to represent the number 5, the symbol for 10 was written six times to represent the number 60, and the symbol for 100 was written three times to represent the number 300. Together, these symbols represented the number 365. Addition was d... ...eat impetus to areas of mathematics such as numerical abridgment and finite mathematics. It has suggested new areas for mathematical investigation, such as the study of algorithms. It has also become a powerful tool in areas as diverse as number theory, diametricial equations, and abstract algebra. In addition, the computer has made possible the solution of several long-standing problems in mathematics, such as the four-color problem first proposed in the mid-19th century. The theorem stated that four colors are sufficient to color any map, given that any two countries with a co ntiguous boundary require different colors. The theorem was finally proved in 1976 by means of a large-scale computer at the University of Illinois. Mathematical knowledge in the modern world is march on at a faster rate than ever before. Theories that were once separate have been incorporated into theories that are both more comprehensive and more abstract. Although many important problems have been solved, other hardy perennials, such as the Riemann hypothesis, remain, and new and equally challenging problems arise. Even the most abstract mathematics seems to be purpose applications. Word Count 4793

Vanguard Case Analysis Essay -- Business and Management Studies

cutting edge Case AnalysisAfter reading through the Vanguard eggshell, there were a few difficultforks in the road that Vanguard seems to be facing. The followsfuture can be greatly alter by some of these difficult choices. Vanguard has to decide whether to change their investment offerings,further develop Internationally, or to simply advertise to increasetheir client base. confidential information managers at Vanguard have to step up to theplate and rollout detailed plans as to what path the company shouldtake regarding some of these issues. Through our in-classdiscussions, the majority of the students argued on one major problemthat Vanguard was facing. The problem entailed Vanguards ability toincrease future customers without increasing costs.Markets are ever-changing, and the ability of companies to adapt tothese changes is the key to survival. One company mentionedspecifically in the case was Citigroup. Their ability to adapt tomarket changes and become a giant in the inve stments segment as aone-stop financial supermarket is a prime example. Should Vanguardtake on this type of adaptation or stick to their current businessobjectives? One interesting quote Brennan in the case stated In thefuture, nothing about Vanguards values will change, but everythingabout the way we do business must change. With this in mind, thequestion is what must change for Vanguard to succeed and continue toearn revenue and gain customers without increasing costs?...

Vanguard Case Analysis Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Vanguard Case AnalysisAfter reading through the Vanguard human face, there were a few seriousforks in the road that Vanguard seems to be facing. The companysfuture can be greatly affected by some of these difficult choices. Vanguard has to decide whether to transfer their investment offerings,further develop Internationally, or to simply advertise to increasetheir client base. Top managers at Vanguard turn out to step up to theplate and rollout detailed plans as to what path the company should arrest regarding some of these issues. Through our in-classdiscussions, the majority of the students argued on one major jobthat Vanguard was facing. The problem entailed Vanguards ability toincrease future customers without increasing costs.Markets are ever-changing, and the ability of companies to adapt tothese changes is the key to survival. One company mentionedspecifically in the case was Citigroup. Their ability to adapt tomarket changes and become a giant in the investments segment as aone-stop financial supermarket is a prime example. Should Vanguardtake on this type of adaptation or stick to their current businessobjectives? One interesting quote Brennan in the case stated In thefuture, postal code about Vanguards values will change, but everythingabout the way we do business must change. With this in mind, thequestion is what must change for Vanguard to succeed and continue toearn revenue and gain customers without increasing costs?...

Intro to medical technology Essay

This escape leave introduce students to the role, ethics, conduct, certification, education, employment, and fundamental fellowship and skills related to clinical laboratory science. There will withal be discussions on the more(prenominal) common science lab tests associated with diseases of organ systems and how the results argon utilized in diagnosis. Selected research laboratory exercises from major disciplines in Clinical test ground scientific discipline will be performed. Course Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the course the student will be able to 1.Appreciate the meaning(a) role of the Medical applied scientist in the saving of lives and relate that to the role of Jesus in the saving of souls. 2. bring up the different designations of laboratory professionals, the major job posts, and the education requirements for entry into the profession. 3. prove the various aspects related to proper techniques, safety and interpretation of procedures presented. 4. Per form laboratory procedures taught utilizing slump techniques. 5. Discuss proper specimen collection techniques.Possess an introductory knowledge of the scope of testing performed in each of the following sections of the Clinical lab a. Haematology e. Microbiology b. Immunology f. Coagulation c. Immunohaematology g. Mycology d. Clinical chemical science 7. Contribute to the general improvement of the health care system. Instructional Procedures There will be champion 80 minute slash and a three-hour laboratory session weekly for approximately fifteen weeks. A short devotion will be conducted at the beginning of each class period.There will be written tests, appointees, reading reports and one nett comprehensive exam. In the case of absence, the Universitys absence policy applies (See NCU Bulletin). Students with exc engage upd absences who remove missed assignments or tests essential make them up within one week of returning to class. The laboratory component of this cours e will carry a Pass/Fail designation. Failure of the laboratory component results in an mechanistic failure of the course which must be repeated. A failing laboratory grade will not be included in the calculation of the over all told grade for this course.In this course, mastery is the goal, and the student is responsible for the information from assignments, text, manual, class discussion, other reading and laboratory procedures. zero(prenominal)assignment should be placed under the office door unless otherwise specified by the instructor. In the case of absence, the Universitys absence policy applies (See NCU Bulletin). Students with exc employ absences who have missed assignments or tests must make them up within one week of returning to class. Quizzes cannot be made up. Integration of Faith and Learning Outcomes 1.Demonstrate the fulfilment of Gods manifestation in our lives as the study the of Clinical Laboratory Science highlights the amazing design of the human machinery and the God given skills required to thoroughly canvas it. 2. Exhibit behaviours that reflect an appreciation of health and wellness as tokens from God to be cherished and a commitment to assist others experiencing ill health through and through by our skills. acquaintance is power, but it is a power for good all when united with true piety. It must be vitalized by the Spirit of God, in fix to serve the noblest purposes. CPT p.38. NCU Values and Attitudes Focus 1. messiahlikeness 2. Integrity 3. Justice Christlikeness I, Fabian Pitkin and all the students of MTCH 106 Introduction to Medical Technology Laboratory class, commit to exercising the highest levels of Christlikeness in all actions during this semester in relation to the following 1 Handling student issues in a fair and equitable manner 2 Displaying honesty with subscribeted work 3 Displaying kindness to each other 4 Displaying humility, compassion and unselfishness to each other 5 Showing confidence in all things thr ough Christ who strengthens me.(Philippians 413) Integrity The facilitator and students will undertake nurture experiences that exercise the highest levels of integrity such as Honouring deadlines in submission of assignments Practising academic honesty with respect to the use of published works and other intellectual property Participating equally in group work and activities Good stewardship of tools, equipment and other resources in the teaching scholarship environment Give fair evaluation to student work Display proper deportment and conduct.Justice The facilitator and all students will exercise the highest level of judge and fairness in all actions related to this course in the res publicas of Fair grading for tasks submitted for evaluation Timely feedback and redress of inquiries, challenges, issues, grouses Impartial treatment of all students disregardless of race, age, religious affiliation, nationality or ethnicity. Access to Computer and Internet Resources Completing t hese course requirements necessitates regular access to electronic computer technology and the Internet.If a student does not have a personal computer with Internet access, computers on the Universitys Main Campus and Extension Sites are available for student use. Civility, Courtesy and Respect As professionals, coarse respect is required the instructor expects all class members to communicate in a professional and courteous manner. While everyone may feel passionate rough a particular subject and is entitled to his/her opinions, classroom discourse must always be conducted in a respectful and civil tone. nary(prenominal) impious or disparaging comments ab forbidden g suppresser, ethnicity, religion, et cetera will be tolerated.Honour Code Regulations on plagiarism and other forms of cheating are strictly enforced. Since engaging in either activity may result in very serious penalties, including failing grades, or dismissal from the University, you should endeavour to avoid such activities. any(prenominal) assignment or work submitted for this course must not have been submitted for any other course. No written or digitally authored work may be submitted for academic credit more than erstwhile. If you have questions about how this may apply to an assignment you are considering for this course, please ask the facilitator for clarification.Students with a Disabling Condition Any student who, because of a disabling condition, may require some modified arrangements in order to meet course requirements, should communicate with the instructor in a cliply manner, to seek such special considerations. Students should present appropriate verification from the relevant administrative office at the University. There is no guideline indicating that special considerations be given prior to completion of the existing university verification process. Course Content Lecture 1. Introduction to the Profession and Fundamentals of the Clinical Laboratory No.Of Hours One ho ur Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. run along the evolution of Clinical Laboratory Science 2. heave and describe the organizational structure of a healthcare organization 3. Name the divisions of a clinical laboratory 4. pull in the various sites for laboratory testing 5. Describe the importance of regulations concerning the look and reliability of laboratory work. 6. Describe the various categories of personnel in the clinical laboratory 7. Name and describe non-analytical and analytical factors in timberland assessment. 8.Describe proficiency testing. 9. Name three medical-legal issues and discuss issues associated with each. 10. Discuss the future directions for laboratory medicine. Content 1. Functions of the clinical laboratory 2. Organization with the clinical laboratory 3. restrictive bodies (OSHA, CLIA, etc) 4. Introduction to speciality areas of the clinical laboratory 5. Credentialing 6. Professional organizations 7. Quality Assessment Activities 1. root word work (Think/pair/share) What is Medical Technology? What does it entail? 2. Discussion How definitive/ integral is this profession to the health care delivery system?Primary resource Turgeon, bloody shame Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 4 -20 Lecture 2. galosh in the clinical laboratory, Specimen Collection, Transportation & Handling Laboratory No. of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Describe the radical aspects of infection control policies, including how and when to use PPEs and the reasons for using Standard Precautions. 2. Describe the procedure for decontaminating a work area and the steps to be employed when cleaning up hazardous spills. 3.Describe the basic steps if first aid. 4. Identify seven factors that should be monitored by prize assessment methods. 5. Demonstrate and describe the skills needed to interact with longanimouss in the collection of specimens 6. Describe the principles and applications of Standard Precautions 7. Discuss general specimen preparation guidelines 8. Identify unaccepted laboratory specimens 9. Explain the chain of custody in specimen handling 10. Describe relevant medical-legal issues related to specimen collection Content 1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Acts and Standards 2. HandwashingImmunization 4. Prophylaxis 5. Exposure control 6. Laboratory Hazards 7. General Infection control Activities 1. conclave work (Think/pair/share) Why is it so important to be immunized prior to entering into the clinical laboratory? 2. Discussion What is the value of proper sample collection and handling to the generation of quality patient results? Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 21-72 Assessment 1 This assesses knowledge, intelligence, and synthesis of facts and principles outline in the lecture.Assessment tools- Matching, pithy Answers and Short essays. Content Knowledge cellular inclusion Synthesis pith Lecture 1 10 20 20 50 Lecture 2 10 20 20 50 Total 20 40 40 100 Lecture 3. Systems of measurement, Laboratory Equipment, and Reagents The Microscope Measurement Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory No. of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Convert metric units of measurement for weight, multitude, and temperature to English units and metric units or metric units to English units. 2. Convert temperature from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit or Kelvin.Describe the various types and uses of laboratory volumetric glassware, the techniques for their use, and the various types of glass used to manufacture them. 4. Describe types and uses of laboratory centrifuges. 5. Compare various forms and grades of water used in the laboratory and how each is each. 6. Demonstrate how to properly l abel a container used to store a laboratory reagent or firmness of purpose. 7. Identify the parts of the microscope. 8. Explain the difference among magnification and re stem. 9. position alignment, and describe the process of aligning a microscope. 10.Describe the procedure for correct light adjustment to obtain maximum resolution with sufficient contrast. 11. Identify the four basic measurement techniques. 12. Describe the principle of absorbance spectrophotometry. 13. Explain how the intensity of people of colour in a substance can be used to measure its concentration. 14. Define Beers Law. 15. Name the components of the spectrophotometer. Identify three quality control tests for the spectrophotometers. 17. Describe the principle of nephelometry. Content 1. International Systems 2. Laboratory plasticware and glassware 3. Laboratory balances 4. Laboratory centrifuges 5.Laboratory reagent water 6. Reagents used in laboratory assays 7. Use of the microscope 8. Photometry 9. Abso rbance spectrophotometry 10. Nephelometry 11. Electrochemical methods Activities 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) Problem solving converting Fahrenheit to Celsius to Kelvin and finding unknown concentrations using the Beers law. Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 78 147 Lecture 4. Quality Assessment & Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory Automation & Point-of-Care Testing, and Laboratory Information Systems No.Of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Discuss how professional regulations require the executing of quality assessment programs in the clinical laboratory. 2. Identify the components necessary to a laboratorys quality assessment program, including its quality control program and the use of control specimens 3. Assess the diagnostic usefulness of results reported, which requires an transforming of accuracy and precision as well as specificity and sensitivity, for laboratory tests and methodologies. 4. Explain the sources of variance in a laboratory procedure 5.Explain the importance of a quality control program, including the use of control samples, the determination of the control range, and the use of quality control charts 6. Describe the use of reference values, including the use of the mean and the standard deviation in determination of the reference range. 7. Explain the major benefits of laboratory automation 8. Describe the fiver steps in change analysis 9. Compare the major advantages and disadvantages of point-of-care testing 10. Identify the four categories of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA 88) test procedures 11.Provide examples of instrument-based point-of-care testing 12. Identify at least six characteristics to consider when selecting a point-of-care instrument. 13. Describe overall product and functions of laboratory information systems 14. ru n and describe components of a computer system 15. Define the abbreviations LAN and WAN 16. Define and give examples of preanalytical and postanalytical testing 17. Identify and describe five Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards for design, compatibility, and integration of automated clinical laboratory systems. Content 1.Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments 2. Accrediting Organizations 3. Quality assessment consideration 4. Quality assessment descriptors 5. Quality control statistics 6. Monitoring quality control Activities 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) Problem solving Laboratory statistics and generation of Levy Jennings chart. 2. Discussion Practical ways of ensuring quality in the clinical laboratory Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 161 -194 Lecture 5. Laboratory Mathematics and Introduction to Clinical Chemistry No.Of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Calculate proportions and ratios 2. Calculate the requirements for solutions of a given volume and molarity 3. Describe the procedures for making a single dilution and a serial dilution 4. Calculate the amount of one solution needed to make a solution of a lesser concentration from it. 5. Differentiate the expressions of solution concentration weight per unit weight and weight per unit volume. 6. Prepare a percent solution 7. Compare the pathophysiology of types I and II diabetes. 8.Describe the symptoms of diabetes. 9. Identify the four major electrolytes found in blood and body fluids. 10. Name and compare renal function assays. 11. List the major lipid fractions. 12. List the major cardiac markers. 13. Describe liver and pancreatic assays and their logical implication. 14. Compare the clinical significance of various types of tumours markers. 15. Describe remedy drug assays and identify drugs of abuse. Content 1. Density and sp ecific gravity 2. Expressions of solution concentration 3. Proportions and ratios 4. Concentration of solutions 5. Dilutions 6. Diabetes 7. ElectrolytesAcid-base balance 9. Renal function and other organ markers 10. Lipids 11. hormone assays 12. Tumour markers Activities 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) Problem solving in serial dilution, creatinine clearance determination. 2. Discussion Does automation in the clinical chemistry department render the department the most relaxing environment? Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 151 -159 200 232 sectional 2- This assesses knowledge, comprehension, and application of facts and principles outline in the lecture.Assessment tools-Calculations, Matching, and Short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 3 10 10 10 30 Lecture 4 10 10 15 35 Lecture 5 10 10 15 35 Total 30 30 40 100 Lecture 6. Introduction to Haematology & Haemostasis Int roduction to Blood Banking No. of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Describe the composition of blood 2. Explain the proper processing and testing of haematological samples 3. Discuss the significance of a complete blood count 4. Describe and perform a differential blood count 5.Discuss the common laboratory tests used for coagulation and haemostasis. 6. Define the terms immunohaematology, blood banking, and transfusion medicine 7. Explain the role of antigens and antibodies in immunohaematology 8. Compare ABO red blood cell and serum typing procedures 9. List and explain the components of compatibility testing, including identification, ABO and Rh typing, screening for unexpected antibodies and cross matching 10. Identify and describe the various red blood cell components and derivatives used for transfusion including packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelets, and explain the reason for transfusion of each.Content 1. Haemoglobin 2. Haematocrit 3. Red blood cell indices 4. Blood cell counts 5. exam of the peripheral smear 6. Blood cell alterations 7. Haemostatic mechanism 8. Tests for haemostasis Activities 1. Case study Case review on anaemia Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 238 342 543 565 Lecture 7. Renal physiology and urinalysis, Introduction to the examination of Body Fluids No. of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1.Define routine urinalysis, and describe its three main components. 2. Explain the clinical usefulness of urinalysis. 3. Describe the basic anatomic components of the urinary system and the function of each. 4. Define cerebrospinal fluid and describe the components of the routine examination. 5. Define synovial fluid 6. Discus the clinical significance of tests for faecal occult blood. 7. Describe the component of a semen analysis. Content 1. Renal anatomy and physiology 2. Composition of water supply 3. Physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine 4. Faecal occult blood Activities 1.Group work (Think/pair/share) Microscopic mapping the production of urine Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 351 414 Assessment 3- This assesses knowledge, comprehension, application and basic analysis of facts and principles outline in the lecture. Assessment tools- multiple choice, Short Answers and Short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 6 10 20 20 50 Lecture 7 10 20 20 50 Total 20 40 40 100 Lecture 8. Introduction to Microbiology No. of Hours One hour Instructional ObjectivesAt the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Define the terms microorganisms, normal and abnormal flora. 2. Discuss basic equipment and techniques used in Microbiology. 3. Discuss steps taken in bacterial identification. 4. Explain the process and purpose of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 5. Describe the requirement for bacterial cultivation and the common types of media. Content 1. Introduction to micro-organisms 2. Classification of micro-organisms 3. Basic equipment and techniques used in microbiology 4. Types of specimens 5. Culture and sensitivity 6. Fungi and parasite testingActivities 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) Media classification and identification Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 447 -500 Lecture 9. Introduction to Immunology& Serology No. of Hours One hour Instructional Objectives At the end of the lecture the students will be able to 1. Define the term immunology. 2. Define the terms antigen and antibody. 3. Describe the general characteristics of antigens and antibodies. 4. Describe the characteristics of agglutination. 5. Compare the grading of agglutination reactions. 6.Name and compare the p rinciples of latex agglutination, coagglutination, liposome-mediated agglutination, direct, bacterial agglutination, and haemagglutination. 7. Briefly describe the applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot, Northern blot, Western blot and DNA chip technology. Content 1. Overview immunology and serology 2. Antigens and antibodies 3. Specimens for serology and immunology 4. Common immunologic and serologic tests Activities 1. Group work (Think/pair/share) Confidentially and HIV reports 2. Group revision Brief review of the lecture Primary resource Turgeon, Mary Louise.Clinical Laboratory Science 5th Edition. Missouri Mosby Elsevier 2007 pg. 505 530 Assessment 4- This assesses knowledge, comprehension, application and basic analysis of facts and principles outline in the lecture. Assessment tools- multiple choice, matching and short essays. Content Knowledge Comprehension Synthesis Total Lecture 8 10 20 20 50 Lecture 9 10 20 20 50 Total 20 40 40 100 LECTURE SCH EDULE Modes of Teaching and Learning Student Evaluation A final grade will be delegate on the basis of the students performance on tests, assignments, reading reports, labs and the final comprehensive examination.B 70-74 B- 65-69 C+ 60-64 C 55-59 C- 50-54 D 0-49 F Grading system Grades are assigned numerical values as follows GRADE Quality Points Definition A 4. 00 Superior A- 3. 67 Superior B+ 3. 33 Superior B 3. 00 Above Average B- 2. 67 Above Average C+ 2. 33 Above Average C 2. 00 Average C- 1. 67 Average D+ 1. 33 Below Average D 1. 00 Below Average F 0. 00 Below Average Expectations 1. Attend all lectures, labs and tests. 2. Read assigned material before each lecture or lab session in order to participate meaningfully in class discussions and to better understand what is expected for the laboratory exercise.Present all labs and assignments on time and in a neat format. No late work will be accepted. No overdue assignment will be accepted at the end of the semester. 4. necessita te a one-page (250-300 words) reading report on the last Thursday of each month. Reading reports should be done from journal articles pertaining to any discipline of Medical Technology. Source should have been published within the last two years and cited concord to the CBE format. A copy of the article read should be attached to the report upon submission. Topics for each month are September Accreditation for Clinical LaboratoriesOctober Quality Assessment in the Clinical Laboratory November choose one of the major disciplines of Medical Technology (Clinical Microbiology, Haematology, Immunohaematology, Clinical Chemistry) and report on what was read from a scientific journal article. 5. Submit a written assignment specified Wednesdays following a lecture. Each assignment is gear towards cementing principles and facts as taught in lecture and as such evaluates knowledge, comprehension and synthesis of information. 6. Use the lab objectives as a study review guide for examination s.All cellular phones and any other electronic or mechanical gadgets should be turned off during class and laboratory sessions. Disturbance of the class session will result in suspension from the class. 8. Take responsibility for your incumbency at Northern Caribbean University and display a professional attitude befitting that of the Medical Technology profession, always bearing in mind that patients lives are in your hands. 9. Give at least five (5) hours to the community in voluntary aid within the discipline of Medical Technology.This may be organized or arranged by the teacher in the form of a health fair or it may be done through the students own inaugural which may be reported to and reviewed by the teacher prior to initiation and or completion. REFERENCE MATERIAL Rubrics for Evaluating Oral Presentations ONLINE RULES/POLICIES All papers and assignments submitted should include a certificate of authorship digitally signed by the student. Be aware that any submitted work fo r this course may be subjected to detection of plagiarism and prison-breaking of copyright.Participation students are required to login at least twice per week to the course website where assignments and announcements will be posted and accepted. An audit/tracking feature imbed in the eLearning system ? orion DL, will be utilized to monitor student activity. Conduct within the Online Learning Environment the same guidelines that apply to traditionalistic classes should be observed in the eLearning environment. Please use proper netiquette when interacting with class members and the course instructor. ONLINE COURSE ACCESS Students will use their ? orion user deem credentials to login to the course through the ?Orion Learning Management System (? orion LMS) http//aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/. For assistance or further details regarding access to online courses please berate https//aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/corp/help. aspx For first time users or those requiring further familiarity w ith the eLearning system, please visit http//aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/ and click on the orientation link. University Information Systems Services (UNISS) provides technical support between the hours of 800AM and 1000PM Mondays through Thursdays and 800AM to 130PM on Fridays. The help desk may be reached at (1-876-523-2064) or online chat for immediate assistance.Email service requests can be directed to helpdeskncu. edu. jm POLICY ON SERVER UNAVAILABILITY OR OTHER TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES The university is committed to providing a reliable online course system to all users. However, in the event of any unexpected server outage or any unusual technical difficulty which prevents students from completing a time sensitive assessment activity, the instructor will provide an appropriate accommodation based on the situation. Students should immediately report any problems to the instructor and also signature the UNISS eLearning Help Desk http//uniss.Ncu. edu. jm/elearninghelp , 1-876-523-206 4. The instructor and the UNISS eLearning Help Desk will work with the student to resolve any issues at the earliest possible time. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS In addition to a competent level of computer and Internet literacy, there are some minimum technical requirements must be met to enable a successful learning experience. Please review the important technical requirements and the web browser configuration information at http//aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/ to ensure that your personal computer meets the outlined requirements.This course has corporate communication tools that may be used to facilitate interaction and communication. Other communication mediasuch as email, instant messaging and web conferencing tools may also be utilized throughout the course. For more details please visit http//aeorionde. ncu. edu. jm/features . Interaction with Instructor The instructor will communicate with students primarily using the Announcements and Discussions tools. Students may post personal co ncerns or questions to the instructor via email or using the course messaging module.The instructor will as much as possible result to students queries within a week. LIBRARY SERVICES Distance Learners will need an ? orion user account to access all of the subroutine librarys electronic resources (reserves, journal articles, ebooks and search online databases) from off campus. For NCU students living close to one of our extension campuses, a valid NCU ID card is required to check out materials from the Library. For more information on library resources go to http//www. ncu. edu. jm/library/ ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION Please use the Assignments link on the course menu or see the icon on the designated page to upload assignments.You may click on the link for each assignment and follow the on-screen instructions to upload and submit your file(s). Bear in mind that you may just submit each assignment once, after which you should receive an onscreen confirmation. Please refer to the Help m enu for more information on using this tool. Please note each assignment link will be deactivated after the assignment due time. 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To submit your assignment, click on Browse and locate your file then click the Submit button. You will be able to review before confirming your submission. You may return at a later time when the report is available, typically within 24 hours, to review the Originality Report which indicates the sources detected and how similar the assignment is to these sources. Please note it may take some time for Turnitin to generate the originality report. For further information on using Turnitin, please go to http//www.Turnitin. com/static/training. html. COURSE EVALUATION You are required to complete an evaluation of the course at the end of the semester/module. These evaluations are used to compile valuable feedback that helps to improve the quality of instruction. Online course evaluations will be made accessible around the end of the semester/module and students will be informed via email or internal messages when they become avail able. 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History of The Mackinac Bridge

Since Nov. 1, 1957, when the Mackinac Bridge opened to public traffic, the iconic symbol has s tood as solemn testimony to mankinds engineering abilities. The Mackinac Bridge is made up of more than one cardinal tons of concrete and steel. Its towers rise 552 feet above the foreland of Mackinac and reach 210 feet below the waves.From May 7, 1954, until late f altogether of 1957, about 3,500 laborers worked in and over the Straits of Mackinac constructing the noseband circuit. The project cost the lives of 5 men. In addition, 7,500 people labored in offsite job shops and quarries from Duluth, Minn., to Pittsburgh, welding, forging and assembling steel, mining rock and coalesce concrete.There was a total of 85,000 blueprints printed for the construction of the Mackinac Bridge.Construction began on the bridge on May 7, 1954, following years of debate on how to best cross the Straits of Mackinac. Every function from a tunnel to a series of amazeways, tunnels and bridges going from Cheboygan to Bois Blanc Island to Round Island to Mackinac Island finally ending in St. Ignace- sooner a single suspension bridge with devil towers was ultimately chosen.This was made possible because of Steinmans experience with other bridge projects, with it prompted him to encourage private financing for the Mackinac Bridge. The bridge was financed through a unique adhesiveness sale that covered its $100 million cost without using state or public funding. The bonds sold to pay for the Mackinac Bridge were retired July 1, 1986. To anchor the 100 million gross tons of the Mackinac Bridge, man-made mountains were required to be built in 88 feet of water.The anchor blocks- piers 17 and 22-were to become the gravelning and end of the worlds longest hang span to date. The harbor at St. Ignace became the home base for Merritt-Chapman and Scotts marine construction equipment, regarded in 1954 as the largest gathering of its type ever assembled for a civilian project. St. Ignace wa s the locating for land-based construction of the giant steel foundations and bridge support pieces.Decompression sickness, or the bends, was a constant threat to the safety of the divers who worked in the extremely cold, trench water of the straits. Commonly told among school children an ironworker who lost his footing fell to his death. Its said he landed in newly poured concrete, where his body lies today, preserved beneath the bride connecting the both peninsulas of Michigan.While historians say no iron, worker is encased in concrete, five people did die in accidents related to construction of the bridge. One died when he surfaced too quickly, a welder died when he fell into an underwater retaining structure, a worker fell from a short distance into the water and drowned, and two others fell 550 feet from a catwalk practiced the North tower, according to the authorities.Of the two workers who fell from the catwalk, one body was recovers immediately and the other was never fou nd. Mackinac Bridge workers, like many workers involved in an piercing high-stakes project, enjoyed a special camaraderie that they still speak of today. There was a feeling of togetherness, of them all being in the same situation, and of beating the odds.There was in addition a concern for each-others safety and welfare, with many of the men becoming lifelong friends. A new record for underwater consolidation of concrete was mark in the spring of 1955, when work resumed after a long winter of ice and snow. During the 31 days of May that year, 103,000 cubic yards of concrete were poured into foundations of the Mackinac Bridge.A final bar ahead the cables were encased in a protective piping was a coat the wire in a corrosive-resistant, red-lead paste. This was done to protect against rust and corrosion, two factors which could seriously compromise the integrity of the suspension system. The coating was a terrific success, as annual inspections done by removing the piping reveal little to no damage done by the forces of nature.Besides the main suspension span, the Mackinac Bridge is really constructed of a series of smaller, conventional bridges that would span many wide, redoubtable rivers and gorges. The building of these linked spans took place for the most part on land. All the work was done within sight of ferryboat passengers, crossing for the last 35-minute trips before they would be able to drive across the new route in less than 10 minutes. Michigans miracle Bridge was becoming a reality.Workers were issued a safety helmet terminated with miners light and a life jacket for the boat trip out to the job site. Beyond that, all they took along was their lunch. The men would then leave the lifejackets on board for the next crew, disregarding the fact that they were working around very deep water that could be extremely cold.The general highway approach to the bridge was being formed at Mackinaw City, where a viaduct took the highway over the villages m ain street, Central Avenue. The date was July 22, 1957, and inclement weather delayed the raising of the final piece of Dr. David B. Steinmans geometric puzzle to conquer the Straits of Mackinac. That evening, the last section was increase and bolted into place, connecting the steel of a bridge that would tie Michigan together as a state.All suspension bridges are designed to move to accommodate wind, temperature change, and weight. Thanks to the open grating installed on the middle two lanes of the Mackinac Bridge, the design flexes easily when necessary. Wind water and snow easily passes through the grates surface.The unblemished tollbooth and administration building were readied just in time for occupancy before the Mackinac Bridge opened for business. The last job to get the Mackinac Bridge ready for traffic was to coat the concrete traffic lanes with a layer of bituminous asphalt, completed only days before the official opening. Tolls have always been a staple of the bridge to offset the costs of construction and maintenance.Opened on Nov. 1, 1957, tolls were set at $3.25 per passenger vehicle. In 1961, tolls rose to 3.50 and again to $3.75, where they stayed until 1969, when the Legislature passed funding for the authority and tolls were lowered to $1.50 for a passenger vehicle. The cost for traversing the bridge remained at $1.50 until 2005, when it was raised to $2.50, because of increased maintenance costs, Sweeney said.The Mackinac bridge is the third-longest suspension bridge in the world behind the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan at 12,826 feet between suspensions and the Great pat Bridge in Denmark at 8,921 feet. Both bridges opened in 1998. At 8,614 feet between suspensions, the Mackinac Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the horse opera Hemisphere.The total length of the Bridge 28,372 feet. It links Mackinac City in the Lower Peninsula. At just over five miles, the bridge is long enough to cause some trouble for crossing motorists who fail to fill up their gas tanks before crossing. To keep the bridge looking pristine, workers spend countless hours and use non-finite gallons of paint.Every year we use around 50,000 gallons for spot painting, said Sweeney. Of the paint used each year, 45,000 gallons of green is used on the lower sections and cables, while 5,000 of osseous tissue is used on the structures. Because of an $80 million maintenance plan, the 50-year-old structure is expected to have an infinite lifespan.Overhead highway lighting was installed to make nighttime crossings of the bridge safe and enjoyable. The bridge lighting could be seen for miles from either the Mackinaw City or St. Ignace shores, and cable lighting provided a further distinctive accent. One thing that bridge workers did not do before the bridge opened was paint it.The construction schedule dictated a November opening, and painters needed warmer temperatures before they could begin the big job of painting such a large structure.On No vember 1, 1957, traffic officially opened on the Mackinac Bridge. A huge story, the event attracted 150 publisher men from throughout Michigan and neighboring states that included Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, New York, and Ontario. Only a comparative few of the thousands of people attending the celebration were able to pursue the dedication of the Mackinac Bridge, held at pier 22, the north anchor block of the bridge, on June 28, 1958.It was there that a five-mile length of ribbon was stretched from Mackinaw City at the sulfur end and from the St. Ignace shore to the north. The Mackinac Bridge began celebrating the first year it was open by offering the public a chance to walk across the span. The event started as a race-walking activity, but soon became popular with thousands who wanted to return the following year and bring their friends with them. On May 9, 2003, the highest wind speed ever preserve on the bridge occurred at 408 p.m.The anemometer read 124 miles per ho ur.Area Bridge sparks questions, myths. Keywords used to decide article News paper articles on Mackinac Bridge. Found at the local library. Published in Lansing. Authors are Michael Carney and Capital News Service. It was published Monday, February 26th, 2007.The purpose this source serves for my topic. Gives important dates such as when construction started on the bridge, in addition goes into detail about the tolls and amounts for crossing the bridge. Michael Carney writes about the work of the Mackinac Bridge. The structure of the document would be an informative news paper article. Works Cited Carney, Michael. Area Bridge Sparks Questions, Myths. The mine Journal Lansing 26 Feb. 2007 3A. Print. Images of America Mackinac Bridge.Keywords used to find book History of the Mackinac Bridge. Found at Public Library. Published by Arcadia Publishing Charleston SC, kale IL Portsmouth NH, San Francisco CA. Author Mike Fornes. Published in 2007. The purpose this source serves me is it gives me the history for both the bridge and everyone who helped to build it.Works Cited Fornes, Mike. Mackinac Bridge. Charleston, SC Arcadia, 2007. Print.Area copy Marks Big Macs 50th year. Looked up News paper articles on the Mackinac Bridge at the local library. Published in Farwell. I could not find an Author. Published in 2007. The information I pulled from this source help make my introduction to my essay with just enough to get the reader to question what all I was going to go into detail about. Works Cited Area Model Marks Big Macs 50th year. The Mining Journal Farwell 28 May. 2007 3A. Print.

Vitamin C in Different Fruit Juice

Activity 1. 21- Is high Vitamin C all it claims to be? Purpose * To ask the vitamin C content of fruit succus * To investigate which type of fruit juice provides the most vitamin C The quantity of vitamin C in food and wassail can be determined using a simple colour test. Vitamin C decolourises the blue dye DCPIP (dichlorophenolindolphenol). Vitamin C is an antioxidant and reduces the DCPIP. DCPIP changes from blue to colourless (or slightly pink) as it becomes reduced. We will be testing a range of different fruit juices to see which contains the highest concentration of vitamin C Hypothesis I predict that the orange faculty be the juice that provides the most vitamin C this is because it is widely promoted as a high vitamin C juice. * Grapefruit juice cleverness contain the heartbeat highest amount of vitamin C also because of it promotion in the media. Vitamin C is a water-soluble compound that is essential for life. It is involved in many processes in the gentlemans gentlem an body, including the production of collagen in the connective tissue the synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in the nervous system and the synthesis of carnitine, which is important in the transfer of brawn to the cell mitochondria.A deficiency in vitamin C causes scurvy, a disease that affected sailors in the 16th 18thCenturies. It was discovered that fresh fruit, e. g. limes and oranges, or sauerkraut (preserved cabbage) provided the sailors with protection from scurvy. Safety * rill should be avoided in the laboratory to prevent accidents especially when handling liquids * Goggles should be warn at all times when carrying out the experiment * charge should be taken when handling glass wear * The supervisor should be informed about any spillages of liquid that may be hazardous to others in the laboratory. Controlled variables Temperature If a juice is higher in temperature than the other, it will cause the reaction to speed up which would make the experiment unfair. * Concentration of DCPIP different concentrations would not public assistance the experiment as we are only changing the type of juice. * Shake each flask using the kindred movements more(prenominal) vigorous movements may conduct oxygen which would affect the DCPIP and turn it slightly blue again. * Same end point colour (colourless) attention and concentration should be given to see by dint of until the very last drop so the volume is not increased. Independent variable * Fruit juice Dependant Variable Volume of juice require to decolourise the DCPIP. The experiment procedure Equipment * 1% DCPIP solution * Vitamin C solution * Range of fruit juices * Conical flasks * Beakers * Pipette accurate to 1cm3 to measure volumes accurately * buret to measure volumes accurately * Safety goggles Method 1. Pipette 1cm3 into a beaker 2. Fill the burette with the vitamin C solution 3. Add the vitamin solution in droplets 4. As soon as the DCPIP goes colourless, stop the burette and record the volume of vitamin C solution that was used. 5. Repeat this procedure with other juices 6. Repeat the experiment at to the lowest degree 2 times . Calculate the mean result for each juice Table of results Vitamin C Orange Grapefruit Lemon Blueberry Pineapple 1 2. 5 3 - 2 13 0. 4 2. 4 1. 95 1. 1 3 12. 75 0. 35 0. 4 1. 15 - 0. 8 8. 2 0. 1 2. 1 4. 7 1. 7 1. 5 8. 2 0. 1 1. 96 4. 6 2. 3 1. 8 - AVERAGE 0. 39 1. 96 3. 08 1. 9 1. 8 10. 5 Here the least volume of juice needed to decolourise DCPIP was the blueberry juice, followed by lemon then orange juice. From the experiment, blueberry juice provided the most vitamin C because less of it was needed in order to turn DCPIP colourless.The pineapple juice was the juice that let out the highest volume from the burette in order to decolourise DCPIP this is because it was the juice that provided the least amount of vitamin C. All of the juices had vitamin C in them as the highest volume was only 10. 5cm3. The results obtained from the experiment showed no relation to my mantic prediction. It may fork out been because of the experimental errors that had been overlooked whilst carrying out the experiment. The results from the experiment did not agree with the widely publicised fact that orange juice provides the most vitamin C.A spell of errors could have been made the temperature may not have been the equivalent for all juices( the last juice to be measured may have been at a higher temperature than the rest causing the reaction with the DCPIP to hasten), the amount of shaking may of effected the results as too much shaking could have added oxygen which would have restored the DCPIP to blue, the end point may have been difficult to judge because of it close proximity, some juice may have been lost whilst it was being transferred from the beaker , there might have been an error in how accurate the juices were measured or recorded.In the future more attention could be given and the experiment could be d one more slowly time may have been an issue when carrying out the experiment. The results obtained were pulled together from different groups in the class who may have all treated their readings and measurements differently, thence it would be much reliable if I repeated the experiment and obtained at least three readings for each juice on my own. Moreover, the juices bought could all be from the same brand, this is because some manufacturers put more sweeteners or fresh juice than others.

Comparing relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice Essay

Reflective practice is an evolving concept. In the 1930s, John Dewey defined meditative thought as Active, persistent, and diligent consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends. He set pop five phases or aspects through and through which we can see a process of reflection. However victimisation phrases such as phase and stage does give a sense of sequence, a set method and at that place seems to be no room for interaction or dialogue rather that the teacher reflects individually.Of course, this can be the case we dont all retain someone to discuss and reflect with following every teaching experience. However it there is a defined place for interaction and dialogue with e.g. colleagues, mentor in order to evaluate what has gone before and how we can move on. I open found that through reflection with my mentor and by discussing points raised I have seen my teaching from anothe r perspective and have taken on board different approaches. suddenly after starting teaching I was keen to achieve more involvement of the students in my sessions and through reflecting with my mentor I introduced various questioning techniques that have made my sessions more interactive and have benefitted the students. This use of Blooms taxonomy of questioning (1956) broadened my way of intellection about questions and as well as impacting my sessions developed my literacy skills by thinking about the way in which I communicate with others and being aware of my audience.The work of Boud, Keogh and Walker (1985), addressed emotions and reduced Deweys five phases to three. For them reflection is an performance in which people Recapture their experiences, think about it, mull it over and evaluate it. This approach is very much reflecting on action which enables us to swing sequence exploring why we acted as we did, what was happening in the group etc.This goes against the idea o f reflection as a continual process, a way of life, and there was criticism of Boud et al from Cinnamond and Zimpher (1990) when they argued that They (Boud et al) constrain reflection by turning it into a mental activity that excludes both the behavioural element and dialogue with others involved in the situation. More and more I find myself reflecting as Im teaching and adapting my teaching as the session progresses to meet the needs of individuals who have brought their give view to the session and presented me with an additional way of looking at the subject matter or prompted me to use an example which I had previously dismissed or forgotten about.The work of Kolb (1984) has been influential for the majority of educators as he approaches reflection in a cyclical way as one that is ongoing and everlastingly striving for improvement (see Diagram below).This to me is a practical and usable model of reflection that can be applied to many aspects of our life experiences not entir ely education. An example of how I have worked in this cyclical way and developed my ICT skills is my use of power point presentation within sessions. I began teaching using pre-prepared power points that did add to my sessions but could still be quite dry at times. By researching ways in which to improve on this I have progressed to adding animation, DVD clips, sound and am now in the process of compiling my own power point presentations using up to date and more relevant information which the students can associate to. By using this ICT tool in this way I have seen students response increase as well as their interest in further research.Brookfield (1995) saw reflection as aftermath teaching from four different perspectives, he maintains that The heart of the reflective process is viewing teaching from four different perspectives or lenses our autobiographies as teachers and learners our students eyes colleagues perceptions and relevant theoretical literature. We all come to teac hing from different backgrounds and with differing life experiences. Using this in concert with information gleaned from dialogue with colleagues and students and researching our subject specialism so as to keep up to date with new information will all add to the reflective process.On my short courses I like to find out, if possible, what type of electrical work the students are currently undertaking and then I attempt to relate the theory to practical situations they will be familiar with. This dialogue with students is, I believe, one of the reasons they have been so successful. Reflective practice requires a commitment to self-development and the time to achieve it, this as we know is one of the issues facing us all as educators as we strive to improve our teaching but can be held up by a lack of resources including time. Teachers improve their ability to react and respond as they are teaching, to assess, revise and implement approaches and activities on the spot. Reflection is signalise to moving forward and providing the best possible education for those students in our care. Word Count 774ReferencesBoud, D et al (eds.) (1985) Reflection. Turning experience into tuition, London Kogan Page. Kolb, Da. (1984). Experiential learning Experience as a source of learning and development, New Jersey Prentice Hall. Brookfield, S (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Bloom, B.S. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives The assortment of educational goals Handbook I, cognitive domain. New York Longmans, Green. Cinnamond and Zimpher. (1990). Reflection. Available www.infed.org/biblio/b-reflect.htm. Last accessed 20 March 2010.

Prison Policy Recommendation Essay

There is currently a bill in the legislature that would double the maximum prison line for anyone convicted of armed robbery. As a criminologist advisor to a state legislator, I have been tasked with proposing a recommendation on whether or not the current bill on the table bequeath be favorable for the government and the communities it represents or detrimental. The proposed bill would double the current maximum prison term for any individual convicted of armed robbery. The thought stooge such a bill is that a longer prison term will deter people from even attempting, or committing a crime in the first place. This bill would also, in hopes, keep offenders from re-offending for the same crime. As a result of these hopes, the bill has gained much popularity within the legislature. As appealing as the manageable resulting lower crime rates sound, there are certain cost that must be considered.The bill proposes longer prison wrong for offenders. These longer terms will also come with a higher price tag. The cost of keeping inmates for a longer period will rise exponentially. Another cost, though not monetary, should also be considered that is the risk of even more violent crimes being committed. If the prison terms for armed robbery were to be doubled and is tight-fitting to that of the crime of attempted murder, whats to say an offender would not go all the way if the sentence would be virtually the same? There may be come-at-able solutions for the bill that groundwork be appealing to both the government and the community. The first would be to increase the maximum term sued before battle cry could be offered.For example, instead of a ten-year sentence, with parole after three years increase it to six or seven years before parole can even be considered. Another option would be to put in place a work program within the prison system. This will be somewhat similar to the outside world, in that if the prisoner does not work, they will not eat or receive rec time. We do not get transfer a meal simply because it is supper time. If we dont work, we dont eat. Same premise for prisoners. It is my recommendation that the bill notbe approved as it stands but that it is rewritten to reflect changes to the current prison terms. The prison term does not need to be lengthened, but the offenders do need to be made to serve more of their current term before coming up for parole.It is my opinion, and based on crime rates that offenders are often not rehabilitated in such a short period, time, term in prison, and often get paroled and re-offend. This is an endless cycle. If terms were lengthened, it would cost more to house and feed a prisoner, but the costs would outweigh that of releasing them, having them reoffend, costs of trial and a second prison term. Also, the implementation of the work program would help them to realize that prison is not ripe a free ride, with meals and rec time without hard work and consequences. The parole system m ust also be overhauled. Parole officers often cannot keep good comprehend of their parolees, and offenders receive too many chances.Perhaps, requiring prisoners to learn a trade would be equally helpful to them outside of prison. The proposed bill for doubling the maximum prison term should not be approved. It cannot succeed as it is. Simply doubling a prison term without further consequences will be a hindrance to the justice system as a whole. A crime is a crime, and an offenders background should not be taken into account. Instead of threatening offenders with a longer possible sentence, change the current rules and statutes for prison terms.Make them serve the majority of their sentence, get through them work for basic needs in prison, and educate them. Give them a skill, so that the possibility of reoffending goes down. As popular as the bill may seem, it does not mean that it is the right choice for the government or the communities it represents. All of the options must be considered and weighed carefully before a decision can be made. Instead of creating new laws, perhaps we should first look at ways to enhance and make the current ones better. Only then, can we hope to move forward and create a better nation.ReferencesSouth, T. (2010, June 8). Bill would keep armed robbers in prison longer. Retrieved from timesfreepress.com http//www.timesfreepress.com/ countersign/2010/jun/08/bill-would-keep-armed-robbers-in-prison-longer/ What are positives & negatives to maximum prison sentences? (2011). Retrieved from Yahoo Answershttps//answers.yahoo.com/question/index Would doubling the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery be a good idea or a bad one, why? (2007). Retrieved from Yahoo Answers https//answers.yahoo.com/question/index

Younger Generation Spending More Time Indoors

Children today seem to spend far too long inside with computer games, watching TV and videos. This is definitely giving in some ways because children should develop outdoor pursuits such as football, cricket and basketball that would make them healthy instantly and in their later lives. If they founding father? t ascertain to play sports when they? re young, it is unlikely that they will develop these healthy habits later in life and the results can be seen today in the higher levels of obesity and related illnesses such as diabetes.When I was young I had only sports to keep me occupied and I am grateful now that I still love and play the sports of my youth. On the other hand the world today is dominated by computers and electronics so it? s important that children learn to like and understand computers and technology early in life. The older generation didn? t have the opportunity to have this electronic entertainment and so befool? t understand the attraction.In conclusion I would certainly agree that it is bad and unhealthy for children to spend all their time indoors with electronic entertainment. I don? t think all children are too dependent on electronic entertainment but too many definitely are. We cannot expect though that children will totally ignore today? s technologies and it is important that they grow up with awareness and understanding of these things that will dominate their later lives. I regard it is up to parents to guide and encourage a reasonable mixture of both indoor and outdoor pursuits.

“A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens Essay

In moreoverice is probably one of the honest-to-godest forms of hate kn aver to macrocosm. Injustice crowd out be found anywhere and in all forms of life. One of the most well known forms of injustice is slavery. Men and women of all ages and races suffer under slavery cool off to this day. Romania, for interpreter, has been home to the unfortunate youth who are sold as prostitutes by their own parents We all know that this is wrong, and society has driven us to non considering this as slavery, just cruelty. Obviously slavery is unjust, but some bulk to this date still do not know this because of the way they were brought up. However, what was once reassert can, upon closer examination, be considered unjust. This was too the case during the revolution in France that began in 1789. Charles Dickens in A tosh of two Cities secernd the galore(postnominal) injustices that resulted from conquering in France. Injustice during the French renewal affected everyone touched by it because the revolution claimed many victims on all sides. French peasants suffered, the aristocrats suffered, and innocent people suffered when the transition claims its victims.The unjust French government oppressed the poor peasants until they revolted in a gillyflowery uprising. Everyone has a breaking point, and once it was reached, it was very hard to go keystone to a calm state. It was already bad that Marie Antoinette was using the tax money from the poor peasants to pay for her unnecessary dinner parties. Once Antoinette raised the taxes for that same purpose, it became unjust. This resulted in the be laissez passering of Marie Antoinette.The wine was red wine, and had stained the ground of the narrow street in the suburb of Saint Antoine, in genus Paris, where it was spilled. It had stained many hands, too, and many faces, and many naked feet, and many wooden shoes. The hands of the man who sawed the wood, left red marks on the billets and the forehead of the woman wh o nursed her baby, was stained with the stain of the old rag she wound about her head again. Those who had been greedy with the staves of the c adopt, had acquired a tigerish smear about the mouth and one tall joker so besmirched, his head more out of a enormous squalid bag of a shadow-cap than in it, scrawled upon a wall with his finger dipped in muddy wine-leesblood (Dickens 37).The wine, which symbolizes blood, was smeared everywhere. This channeliseed how desperate the French were to find some nourishment, level(p) if it meant slurping wine off the city streets. It was amazing how a calm day in France changed into first come down first serve madness. Also, the raiding of the Bastille furnished how little the peasants could tolerate before retaliating. In this massacre, the peasants overpowered the guards to set the famous landmark on fire.Next, the aristocrats suffer from the united peasants uncontrollable vexation and violence. One may wonder how the aristocrats and the peasants suffered at the same time? Before the Revolution, the aristocrats had all the money and happiness, but as the Revolution progressed, this happiness gradually born-again into fear. Once the peasants realized that they made up the majority, they took advantage of this. The peasants anger drove them to imprisoning and killing every rich person in sight. Innocent people were killed just because they were rich. Aristocrats had no chance of survival because they were hated most. Anyone who worked for the government or even believed in what it stood for lived in a life of fear.The Marquis from A Tale of two cities was too ignorant to realize that his comments bothered the people. This angered the peasants along with how wealthy he was. But one didnt withdraw to be the Marquis to be punished. Any wealthy man returning to France could be considered an emigrant. For instance, Darnay, a wealthy man, was accused of being an emigrant, so he was immediately sent to prison. As you can see, even the wealthy had no protection under the crumbled government.Lastly, innocent people suffer as the Revolution burned out of control. Innocent people, which included relatives of those straight affected, suffer just because of the overgrown madness. A good example of this would be Lucie and her little girl Little Lucie. Madam Defarge (who was probably the biggest reactionary in the whole countersign) valued the whole Manette family to suffer just because Darnay (the nephew of the Marquis) married into the family. Luckily, Little Lucie was not hurt, thanks to Mrs. Pross who put her own life on the line just to save the Manette family. Mrs. Pross, who lived asimple, quiet life, suffered partial deafness from the sound of a single gun blastoff. Many relatives of the aristocrats received death by the guillotine just because of their family ties and heritage. This was not right, but the people were blinded by their madness to even think about who they were killing and punish ing.As illustrated, injustice during the French Revolution affected everyone touched by it because the Revolution claimed so many victims on all sides. Thousands of irre verbaliseable lives were taken during the time of the Revolution. in that respect were no winners in the outcome of the revolution. These few years were some of the score France had ever seen.The grindstone had a double handle, and turning at it madly were two men, whose faces, as their long hair flapped back when the whirlings of the grindstone brought their faces up, were more horrible and cruel than the visages of the wildest savages in their most barbarous disguises (Dickens 260).Is it ok to do unjust things in the name of justice? Will there ever be an end to injustice in the world we live in? At the rate were going, we may never reach the desired utopia that we dream of.A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens EssayIn A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, there were two characters that have many different personality traits, authoritys, and weaknesses. But they as well had a few things in common as well. These two characters are Sydney carton and Madame Defarge. Although these two characters are alike, they both have different motives.Sydney cartonful is a very strong and intelligent man. Fist, carton presents himself as a drunk, lazy attorney, who feels as though his life has no meaning. carton professes his get along to Lucie Manette, but subsequently on carton becomes a changed man. He transform into a Christ-like figure. He begins to shoulder his way through life. His goals are positive and lead to his recalled to life, in book the first. Carton only deprivations to do what he knows go forth please Lucie, because he wants to die with the knowledge that one human being in the world who pattern he was worth something and compassionated for him. Another character in the book named Stryver, describes Carton as summons, no energy, and purpose. Sydney also describes himself a s, like one who died young. The only time in which Cartons motivation kick in is towards the end, when he sacrifices his own life for Charles Darnay because he knows it is what would defy Lucie Manette happy.The next character I willing describe is Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge is completely motivated as well as Carton is, but Madame Defarge is also driven with revenge. It appears that Madame Defarge goals are only of vengeance. Madame Defarge is self-centered app her goals are reflected around herself and her own revenge, which is shown when she says, Tell the wind and fire where to nail not me.A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens EssayThroughout A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens tells the story of several characters, all of who are developed continuously throughout the chapters. Several of the characters are greatly developed, some showing unpredictable sides to their personalities. Sydney Carton is a prime example of such a character, his delicate personality revealed when he declares his know for Lucie. He is not the only character in love with Lucie, however. Throughout Book Two, it is revealed that Stryver and Charles Darnay are also coveting Lucie. Darnay and Carton both announce their love for her, however Carton is the only one who goes directly to Lucie to tell her. In this passage, Carton is asking Lucie to not forget him and to remember that even when she is married and with kids, he will always be there for her to keep her happy. Cartons declaration of his love for Lucie not only reveals his love and foreshadows his selfless, awful act in the later chapters, but in addition, Dickens use of language reveals that Sydney is no longer the jackal, but that he is in fact much more than that a sensitive man with deep emotions.Dickens use of language in this passage brings to light the sincerity in Sydney Carton, changing the mood of the reader towards him, and the record books that Dickens uses to process Carton express himself allows Car ton to truly show his desire for Lucie. When Carton says, for you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything, Dickens is emphasizing the fact that Carton is dedicated to her. Throughout the passage, he continuously repeats phrases including the word you, such as when he states I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you. As a result of emphasizing Cartons love for Lucie, Dickens creates an immense feeling of sympathy for the reader, as the dedication for Lucie is expressed so fluidly. The fact that Carton accepts this unrequited love by saying I will relieve you of a visitor with whom I well know you have nothing in unison, and between whom and you there is an impassable space creates even more compassion for Carton because even though it is known that Lucie does not reciprocate his feelings, it is even more painful to watch as he exclusively walks away from the woman he loves.In addition to uncovering Cartons original love for Lucie, Dickens uses irony to show the eloquent Carton that contrasts with the drunken Carton of the preliminary chapters. The chapter to which this passage belongs to is titled The Fellow of No Delicacy, which is ironic because although perhaps Carton was not delicate in the preceding chapters, in this passage he is nothing but eloquent and delicate. He remarks try to hold me in your mind, at some quiet times, as ardent and heart-whole in this one thing, a great example of his eloquence, which once again causes the reader to develop sympathy for him, since the language he is using so differs from his previous drunken language 203). Cartons eloquence genuinely shines through in this passage, even though it contrasts with the chapter title and Dickens creates sympathy and tenderness towards Sydney Carton.Because Sydney Carton is put down, not only by others but by himself as well, throughout the entire first half of the second book, when he declares his love for Lucie in such an unselfish and loving manner, it changes how Carton is viewed. Since Stryver takes all the credit for being successful even though Carton does all the work, it is written, although Sydney Carton would never be a lion, he was an amazingly good jackal 116). Carton even describes himself to Darnay as I am a disappointed drudge, sir I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me, exhibiting Cartons own self-pity and sadness for the world 113). However, with this passage, Sydney Carton causes any reader to fully disregard any judgments made for his character. Dickens previously portrayed him as this unfortunate man without anything to live for, but now it is revealed that Carton does indeed have someone to live for Lucie and her happiness. This passage causes all previous opinions about Sydney Carton to be discarded, as now Sydney Carton is no longer the jackal, but he has turned into the lion.In addition to revealing the compassionate and eloquent side of Sydney Carton, this passage is also a moment of foreshadowing for Cartons noble and unselfish act of sacrificing himself for Lucies happiness. What may have seemed to be just talk about how much he loved Lucie turned out to be very, very real. In this passage, Carton declares to Lucie, think now and then that there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you 204). In his last moments, Carton visualizes Lucie feeling that each was not more honoured and held sacred in the others soul, than I was in the souls of both, referring to the respect and recognition that both Darnay and Lucie give to Carton 500). In this passage, Carton sets up his feelings for her, perhaps knowing that someday he would have the chance to occupy a special place in Lucies heart for a noble, heroic act. His sacrifice for you and for those dear to you embodies the Charles Dickens theme of love overpowering everything.With love, Carton was able to have the strength to sacrifice his life for the happiness of one person he cared about. W ith love, not jealousy, he was able to ask Darnay, I wish we might be friends 275). patch Lucie does not reciprocate Cartons love, she does defend him in front of Darnay, declaring I would ask youto be very generous with him alwaysI would ask you to believe that he has a heart he very, very seldom reveals, and that there are deep wounds in it 278). By Carton declaring his love for Lucie and being wholly devoted to her, he is not only able to give Lucie a complete family, safe and protected in England, but he is also able to say that it is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done it is a far, far better perch that I go to, than I have ever known, clearly displaying that through his death, he is gaining all the love and admiration he never had before 500).Sydney Carton is my favorite character of the entire novel. His noble act despite the unrequited love between him and Lucie is such an honorable action, and the fact that he kept true to his word about giving his li fe to keep a life you love beside you makes him all the more noble 204). I thought that this passage was really a turning point for Sydney Cartons character, since up to that point he had been very reserved and inarticulate, but when he went to speak to Lucie he became this eloquent speaker, driven by a strong love. From then on, we continue to see Cartons character develop, creatively seeking out the apothecary for the substances in order for the plan to work.He acted without a moments hesitation, and that his face was the peacefullest mans face ever beheld there shows that he had absolutely no descent about his sacrifice 4). To be that calm when he is about to be the newest victim of the Guillotine is a daunting task in itself, but to have someone who would sacrifice his or her life just for someone elses happiness is beyond imaginable. Therefore, this passage sets the stage for Cartons eventual(prenominal) sacrifice, making Carton no longer a disappointed drudge, but a noble he ro who goes from being a friend to Darnay and the Manettes to becoming their savior. There is no greater sacrifice that Carton could have made, and for it all to be because he loved Lucie unconditionally is a pretty incredible thing.A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens EssayLoyalty and duty is one of the main themes in A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens examines this theme on many different levels, looking at both the loyalty and duty involved in the characters personal relationships and their loyalty to certain causes or beliefs. Many of the characters in the book make great sacrifices due to loyalty on a national level or personal level.Lucie Manette shows great dedication and loyalty to her father, Dr. Manette. though she once believed she was an orphan, when Lucie meets with her father she is unable to part with him. She looks after him and as the golden thread is able to bring him back to health and lovingly take care of him thereafter. degenerate Pross, her nursemaid tells Mr. Lorry how Lucie had to persevere and showed tremendous devotion when she was nursing her father back to health He gets up in the dead of night She hurries to him and they go on together until her love and company have brought him to himself. (p94) She even says she is willing to avert her marriage plans despite her love for Darnay because she loves her father and does not want to leave him If my marriage were so arranged as that it would part us I should be more unhappy and self-reproachful now than I can tell you. (p180) Lucie sees it her duty as a daughter to look after Dr. Manette and throughout the book she demonstrates her loyalty to him She had been true to her duties. She was truest to them in the season of trial, as all the gently loyal and good always will be. (p264)Lucie also shows loyalty when her husband, Darnay is imprisoned. Throughout his imprisonment, Lucie goes to stand outside the prison for two hours each day hoping that her husband will be able to see her. In all weathers she waited she never missed a single day.She is also loyal to Carton who professes his love for her. She makes sure that he is welcome in her home and that he is treated with respect despite his reputation and bad habits. She tells Darnay to Remember how strong we are in our happiness, and how weak he is in his misery. At the end of the book Carton sacrifices his life in order to save Darnay. Lucie honours him even after his death by naming her son after him.Darnay himself shows loyalty to his old steward, Gabelle. Gabelle is imprisoned in France due to his relationship with the Evrmonde family and he so he writes to Darnay appealing to his Justice, honour, and good name. (p233) Darnays sense of duty and responsibility forbids him to turn his back on Gabelle or on his country. He is unaware of how dangerous it will be for him in Paris and idealistically, he even believes that he may be able to calm some of the violence. Eventually, like a ship may be drawn to the lodestone Rock, he decides to go to Paris and fulfil what he believes is his duty. cut down Pross is brusque, tough, and fiercely loyal to Lucie, her Ladybird. Mr Lorry admires her for being so humble and for adoring Lucie so much that she would do anything for her. He talks of dribble Pross being One of those unselfish creatures who will, for pure love and admiration, bind themselves willing slaves, (p92) At the beginning of the book, Miss Pross says that she will never go abroad If it was ever intended that I should go across salt water, do you suppose Providence would have seal my lot in an island. (p30). However, when Darnay goes secretly to France and Lucie hears of his imprisonment, Miss Pross accompanies her to France. She overcomes her fear of travelling out of loyalty to Lucie.At the end of the book, Miss Pross shows extreme courage and devotion to Lucie when she faces Madame Defarge to stop her discovering that Lucie is fleeing France. I dont care an English Twopence for myself. I know that the longer I keep you here, the greater hope there is for my Ladybird. (p352) Miss Pross then starts a violent fight with Madame Defarge though she had Never struck a blow in her life and when a pistol accidentally is shot and kills Madame Defarge, Miss Pross is deafened for life. The fight between these two women shows how Miss Pross was stronger in her loyalty to Lucie than Madame Defarge was in her hatred- love, always so much stronger than hate. (p353)Miss Pross also rest loyal to her brother even though he had previously stolen all of her money and left her. She says that Solomon was the one man worthy of Ladybird (p92) and that he Had the makings in him of one of the best and greatest men in his native country. (p284)The revolutionaries in France prove that a new, fairer French republic can only be achieved with weighed down and terrible costs. Personal loves and loyalties must be sacrificed for the good of the nation. When Darnay is arrested for the second time, the guard who seizes him reminds Manette that state interests should be held above personal loyalties. If the Republic demands sacrifices from you, without doubt you as a good patriot will be glad to make them. The Republic goes before all. (p281) Defarge shows courage and loyalty to the revolution when he tries to give a entreat to the King At the hazard of his life, darted out before the horses with the petition in his hand. (p163) However, Madame Defarge thinks her husband weak when he pities Doctor Manette and does not want Darnay or Lucie to be killed. If it depended on thee- which happily it does not- thou wouldst rescue this man even now. (p326)Dr. Manette is loyal to his dutiful daughter Lucie. Even when Charles tells him that he is part of the French aristocratic family who caused his long imprisonment in the Bastille, he allows Charles to marry her. Though the shock of this discovery causes a relapse of his old mental state, when he recovers he accepts the marriage of Lu cie and Charles for his daughters happiness.Mr. Lorry is extremely loyal to Tellsons Bank. He agrees to go to the bank in Paris even in the midst of the revolution to make sure it is safe. If I were not prepared to submit myself to a few inconveniences for the sake of Tellsons, after all these years, who ought to be? (p226) He describes himself as a man of business and even when he is almost eighty years old, he risks his safety and goes to Paris just to ensure the safety of the bank.Jerry Cruncher tells his wife what he thinks is her duty. A mothers first duty is to blow her boy out. Mr. Cruncher does not like his wife praying because he thinks it affects his work as a grave-robber. You have no more natural sense of duty than the bed of this here Themes river has of a pile, (p156) However, he shows loyalty to Mr. Lorry and to the Manettes when he tells Carton that Roger Cly was not dead as he had not been in his grave when he went to dig it up. Cruncher puts his position at risk wh en he gives away his secret career.The French aristocracy show a lack of duty and loyalty. They treat the people of France extremely badly. When the Marquis St. Evrmondes coach runs over a child he thinks that tossing a capital to the father is enough compensation. Monseneigneur shows no loyalty to his family. When he wanted some money he married his sister to a rich man, treating her like an mark rather than a sister. Dr. Manette sees how cruel the Evremendes were when he has to look after the dying lady whom they had taken from her husband on her wedding night.The sacrifice of Sydney Carton is an example of tremendous loyalty to Lucie and her family. Carton loves Lucie so much that he willingly gives up his life to save her husband, Charles Darnay. For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. Carton single-handedly thinks up a plan and arranges that he replaces Darnay at the guillotine. Cartons love for Lucie eventually makes him a better person, knowing that he will s ave Darnay radically changes him, For the first time in many years, he had no strong drink. (p324) Even Mr. Lorry notices the change in him His manner was so fervent and inspiring, (p330). For the first time Carton feels like his life may have a purpose and could be useful Of little worth as life is when we misuse it, (p322)Cartons loyalty to Lucie is extremely important for him, in choosing to die for her, Carton not only enables their happiness but also ensures his apparitional rebirth. It is a far, far better thing that I do than I have ever done, it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known. (p361)We can see through all these characters how important loyalty and duty is. For some people like Carton and Miss Pross, it provides a purpose in life. For others such as Dr. Manette, Lucie and Darnay, duty is what they feel is the right thing to do. Overall, Dickens shows us that duty and loyalty can make you a better person and that sometimes sacrifice is necessary to achieve happiness or to produce something good.

Literature Review on Employability of Women Essay

Employability of Wo handsIntroductionEmployability in relation to gender, age and race has changed significantly entirely over the forms as factors of our society change the way we live and take on. As social norms change, so does the tincture of employability. History proves that the employability of women in relation to men has progressively shifted in recent years, as women become increasingly attractive to employers. In the past, it was thought that it was harder for women to gain a line of merchandise than it was for men, however is this the case in our innovational day society? In the past, women bring been penalised with lower pay and slight moments than men still recent history has stopped these things from occurring with new laws and regulations for employers to follow, such as the fair to middling Pay Act 1970, which bequeath be looked at in more detail in the review.This literature review will attempt to give way the differences in the past, and those which are st fitted apparent straight out between the employability of men and women. Is it harder for a cleaning woman to channel a job than a man? Firstly, it will cover the history of employability of women. Then the review will try to discover when things started to change and women started to become more employ subject. Following this it will discuss the employability of women in todays society. Lastly, will be a conclusion, in which the findings will be reviewed.History of employability of womenPrior to the stake valet de chambre contend, at that place was a certain stereotype that women were housewives social roles were clearly defined. A womans place was at home, while a man should be at work. It was acceptable for a woman to work outside of the home, providing she did not know a family to look after, but she would concur been paid slight than a man, even when doing the same job. The mho World War changed everything. As the men left to go to fight, the women had to run the home alone, but they also had to get apply to going to work.However, It was understood without the war that what Britains women were doing was re altogethery a mans job. So m any of them were dismissed from their work once peace was declared In industries that were not heavily unionised, however, some women were kept on not least because they were cheaper to employ than men. (Harris, 2011). Despite all of the work the women did during the war, they were calm down not truly appreciated and in fact the housewife stereotype was slake more or less in the 1970s, probably due to the men redress the majority of the work once returning from the war. This is backed up by the Women and Employment Survey in 1980, The collection of employment histories in the Women and Employment Survey (WES) in 1980 started to break down the stereotypes still around in the 1970s about womens careers. The tendency had been to think that a womans important role was as a m early(a), running(a) a t domestic tasks. (Scott, Dex and Joshi, 2008).Even though the stereotype had keep into the 1970s, it was clear that it was slowly fading, the effort put in by the women during the war was starting to be appreciated, and as a result women were starting to become more employable, as shown by the fact that women constituted 29 per cent of the labour force in Britain in 1911, and 29 per cent in 1951, but this had go up to 34 per cent by 1966 and had reached 43 per cent by 1991 (Crompton, 1997).In the early 1990s the fast improver in the employment of women started to level out. This was largely due to the recession between 1990 and 1992, as the younger, less stable women chose to go back to school rather than memorizek employment in the recessionary job market. After 1992 though at that place was a strong economic recovery, which in turn, led to the rise of women in employment, to what it is today.When did it all start to change?The gender composition of the labour force has chan ged considerably in the twentieth century. in the beginning the Second World War over 90 per cent of all men of working age or more were in employment, and that was mostly unchanged until after the War, but since then the share of men in employment steadily declined to notwithstanding 73 per cent in 1991. On the other hand, Womens employment has moved in the other direction. Up until the Second World War (1951) but about a third of all women of working age or more were economically active. Since 1951, however, womens employment has been growing steadily, and by 1991 half of all women of working age or more were economically active. (Crompton, 1997).There are a few major sources for this shift in employability, the first being the Second World War, which went some way towards changing the stereotypes about a womans role and reservation them more employable, as they showed that they were capable of doing the same jobs as a man just as salubrious as they could, if not better in s ome cases. This has been relieveed in more detail previously. However, the main reason for the enormous rise in employability of women has to be the introduction of the disturb Pay Act in 1970.The Equal Pay Act 1970 has had a dramatic effect on the way fe young-begetting(prenominal) employees are viewed and the bill of money they are paid, in relation to men over the extreme forty years Before 1970, it was common practice in the private sector and some parts of the public sector for there to be separate, and lower, womens rates of pay The Equal Pay Act introduced an implied equality clause into all employees contracts. This had the effect of eliminating separate lower womens rates of pay womens intermediate earnings compared to mens rose by 5%, from 72% to 77%, over a 5 year period in the 1970s the biggest ever increase in this ratio. (Hastings).This was not the solely change the Equal Pay Act 1970 caused. The Act also led to the use of job evaluation being used for more frequ ently, this is where you compare different jobs in order to put them into a rank order ground on the difficulty of the work, this would then be the basis for the employees grading and pay, and not the fact that they were a male or female. There were other effects of the Act as well, such as that of the effect on collective bargaining. Over the years there have been many changes in technology and the way businesses are run which has led to the old collective bargaining arrangements becoming out-dated, but it is not only because of the changes in technology, equal pay legislation has also had an impact. Due to these factors, collective bargaining arrangements in many organisations have been harmonised.Employability of women in todays societySince the Equal Pay Act was passed, the gap between the average hourly pay of men and that of women has drastically decreased. However, It is 40 years since the Equal Pay Act and except women working full-time in the UK are still paid on average 15.5% less per hour than men That is one of the biggest gaps in the European Union and Britain appears to be becoming a tougher place still for women to work. The recession has collide withn many part-time jobs go the majority of such jobs are held by women. Over the last 12 months, 4.5% of the female workforce experienced redundancy compared with just 3% of men. (Allen, 2011), illustrating that despite the vast increase in the employability of women, a difference still exists today, albeit a considerably smaller one.In todays society, it has been shown that girls remain in education for longer than boys, and also acquire higher grades. This could help to further explain why women are far more employable now than they have been in the past, and this trend only looks to continue in the future. Yet, the reason for the rise in employability of women today is it not only due to the laws that have been imposed it is also due to the change in status of women in todays society. As, women have become more powerful, it is clear that businesses should employ more women and treat them equally to their male workers, if not only to protect themselves from law suits, then to enhance the reputation and customer base of their business and depict the reap the rewards financially. Research in Europe and the United States suggests that companies with several senior-level women tend to perform better financially. (Georges, Sandrine, Mary C., 2008). remainderBy looking through the history and changes of female employability and at what it is like today, you can clearly see how society has gradually changed their views from the sexist view that was adopted by men, and some women, before the Second World War, to the very much equal society we have today. However, is it really equal in todays society? The research shows, that despite the colossal rise in the employability of women and slight decline in the employability of men, there are still some differences, for example the fac t that women working full-time in the UK are still paid on average 15.5% less per hour than men (Allen, 2011), this is not acceptable, but unfortunately there may always be a difference, even if it is a very slight one.ReferencesAllen, K. (2011) Women look away now you are working for free The Guardian, 4th November 2011 Online Accessed 14 November 2011Crompton, R. (1997) Women and Work in Modern Britain. second Impression Edition, Oxford OUP OxfordDesvaux, G., Devillard-Hoellinger, S., Meaney, M. (2008) A business case for women. Mckinsey Quarterly. Issue 4, p26-33Harris, C. (2011) Women Under Fire in World War Two BBC, 17th February 2011 Online Accessed 14 November 2011Hastings, S. The Equal Pay Act Its Impact on incorporated Bargaining, Grading and Pay Online Accessed 14 November 2011Scott, J., Dex, S., Joshi, H. (2009) Women and Employment Changing Lives and New Challenges. Edward Edgar Publishing LtdReflective ReportHow I found Literature Review.My first thoughts when being set this assignment were ones of panic and anxiety. I was a pocketable apprehensive of how to approach it as I was unsure about what it consisted of, and how to go about writing it. This tutelage was increased as it was the first assignment I have been set since joining the university so I was not sure whether it would be up to the standards of the university. As I started to get into the review, it started to become easier, although, I did still have trouble with the referencing, and was uncertain of the best way to layout the review. I found turnitin very easy to use, and I liked the idea of being able to check my work was acceptable before finally submitting it. On the whole though I feel that this assignment, although challenging, was extremely worthwhile and will stand me in fair stead for the future, especially using turnitin as I will now easily be able to hand in my future assignments.Meeting my mentor.My mentor rung me and we arranged to meet at the mobile canteen in Mi thras House. My first impressions of James were that he seemed a very nice approachable guy, which, indeed he was. We started talking and he asked me how I was finding University life, both the social side of it and the work load. I responded by telling him that I was very much enjoying the social side of university as I have enjoyed encounter all new people and making new friends. I then proceeded to add that I was finding some of the workload quite hard as it is a big step up from A-levels, but also that I found it all extremely interesting, especially the Marketing, Law and Economic elements of the course, which has made it easier to engage up on it as I am interesting in it.Subsequently, we then mutually heady on some goals that I could set myself, they were as follows Firstly, we set the target that I must achieve a high 2.1 or a 1st at the end of the course. Secondly, was the target that I must find a job. The last target was that I must meet all of my deadlines and attend all of my lectures and seminars, unless there were extenuating circumstances. James then gave me his e-mail address and told me to contact him if I needed any help with anything in the future. Lastly, we arranged another date to meet and then we both parted ways. in the flesh(predicate) SWOTWhat are my strengths? What do I already have that I might be able to build on?I feel that one of my strengths is my existing knowledge of businesses and how they operate. I gained this knowledge through research I conducted in A-Level. Good Presentation is another thing I view as a strength of mine. What are my weaknesses / areas for development?I believe my main weakness is the speed at which I work. This directly contrasts with one of my strengths (Good presentation) as I try to make everything look neat and then spend longer than I should on the work. What opportunities do you see to develop yourself?I have a vast amount of opportunities available to me at Brighton University.These opportun ities include Teachers to give me advice when I get stuck on something, Libraries so I can easily find the books/journals I might need to help me write my essays, separate students who I can ask for their input on my work and how I could improve it (Peer Review) What threats do you see to your personal development, or barriers that may need to be overcome?